History

Discover the essence of Patones

Located in the Sierra Norte de Madrid, Patones is a unique destination that captivates with its slate architecture, its rich natural and cultural heritage, and its mountain environment. This picturesque municipality hides ancient Roman vestiges, orchards irrigated by a centuries-old canal and a landscape shaped by water and the passage of time. From its hydraulic infrastructures to its surprising geography, Patones offers an experience full of history, nature and tradition, perfect to discover its secrets and live an unforgettable getaway.

A historical legacy that endures

The history of Patones dates back more than 30,000 years, when men and women of the Stone Age used the Cueva del Reguerillo as a shelter, leaving engravings that still remain as witnesses of their passage. During the Neolithic and Bronze Ages, shepherds occupied the Cerro de la Oliva, leaving ceramic remains and a burial cave. In the Iron Age, the area continued to be an important settlement due to its strategic location, becoming a key site during the Romanization. The“Nameless City” shows traces of streets, commercial and administrative buildings of the time. After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Visigoths retook the site, using the Roman ruins as a burial area.

With the Reconquest in the thirteenth century, the hill of La Oliva was inhabited again, giving rise to a small population center around the Chapel of the Virgen de la Oliva. However, it was not until the 16th century, when shepherds from Uceda founded the Patones farmhouse, that the place began to have its own identity, adopting its name from the Patón family.


One of the most fascinating stories of its history is the legend of the Kingdom of Patones. In the early 17th century, due to its remoteness and isolation, the inhabitants of Patones decided to organize themselves and appointed a “King of Patones”, who assumed the functions of mayor and justice of the peace, administering justice and representing the town. This “kingdom” remained independent from Uceda, and granted its inhabitants autonomy reflected in the creation of their own institutions.

The history of the Kingdom of Patones reached its culmination in 1769, when the last King of Patones, Juan Prieto, sent a letter to King Carlos III requesting administrative independence from Uceda due to abusive taxes. This bold act resulted in Charles III granting Patones the title of independent “place”, putting an end to the figure of the King of Patones and establishing its own justice system. During this period, important hydraulic infrastructures began to be built, such as the Cabarrús canal and the Pontón de la Oliva dam, which transformed the life of the town. In the 20th century, the construction of the Atazar dam marked a new change in the landscape and customs.

In recent decades, the inhabitants of Patones descended to the plain, creating Patones de Abajo, the current urban center. Today, Patones de Arriba continues to be a tourist destination, inhabited by about 40 residents, while its rich history and architecture captivate visitors.

Patones de Arriba vs. Patones de Abajo

The municipality of Patones, located 60 km from Madrid, is divided into two nuclei: Patones de Arriba, a historic enclave declared an Asset of Cultural Interest (BIC), and Patones de Abajo, located on the fertile lowlands of the Jarama River, where a large part of the population moved after the Civil War.

Patones de Arriba: A Historic Treasure in the Sierra Norte

Patones de Arriba, declared an Asset of Cultural Interest in 1999, is a unique example of black slate architecture, known for its cobblestone streets and traditional houses. This picturesque village retains its historical charm and architectural heritage, a reflection of the rural life of yesteryear.

Highlights include the Church of San José, which today houses the Centro de Interpretación de la Cultura de Patones (CITECO) and a chapel with the Virgen de las Candelas, as well as the traditional houses built with slate, wood and Arabic tile, adapted to the terrain. Also notable are the tinados and threshing floors, livestock and agricultural constructions that show the importance of livestock and agriculture in the local economy.

The washhouse and the Fuente Nueva, with its untreated water and the traditional covered washhouse, are picturesque corners of the village. Finally, the old wood-burning ovens, essential for baking bread and other typical products, complete the architectural heritage of Patones de Arriba, making this place an immersion in history and traditional architecture.

Patones de Abajo: A village with recent charm

Patones de Abajo, less known than its neighbor Patones de Arriba, emerged after the Civil War as a more accessible settlement in the fertile lowlands of the Jarama River, near the road to Torrelaguna. Thus was born, practically from nothing, a village in the twentieth century, something uncommon in the Sierra Norte de Madrid.

It is characterized by its simplicity and an authentic rural atmosphere that differentiates it from the historic architecture of its mountain counterpart. Among its main attractions are the Town Hall, built with black slate in homage to the tradition of the Sierra Norte, the modern Parish of San José and the Geological Museum, dedicated to the study of the natural wealth of the area.

Patones de Abajo does not pretend to compete with the historical and visual impact of Patones de Arriba, but its simple and authentic character offers a different and complementary perspective. It is the perfect place to enjoy a leisurely stroll while exploring 20th century rural life.

Both areas have their own charm and contribute to the magic of Patones, offering a perfect combination of tradition and modernity.

Image gallery of architecture and landscapes

In this gallery you can explore the beauty of Patones through images that capture its unique essence. From the streets of Patones de Arriba with its slate houses to the panoramic views of the Sierra Norte, each image reflects the harmony between traditional architecture and the stunning natural surroundings. Don’t miss the photographs of the Pontón de la Oliva, the Ermita de Nuestra Señora de la Oliva, and the paths surrounded by native flora that invite adventure.

To know Patones is to fall in love with its history, its culture and its authenticity. This picturesque village invites you to immerse yourself in its rich tradition, explore its landscapes and discover its fascinating legends. If you want to delve into its legacy or plan your next visit, do not hesitate to explore our other sections.

Make your next trip to Patones and experience the magic of this unique place!

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